232 lines
4.8 KiB
Markdown
232 lines
4.8 KiB
Markdown
|
---
|
|||
|
|
title: 安装并配置 Arch Linux
|
|||
|
|
date: '2022-10-17'
|
|||
|
|
tags: ['Arch Linux', '环境搭建‘, 'VPS']
|
|||
|
|
draft: false
|
|||
|
|
summary: 又到了新装 Arch Linux 的日子了。这次又是温故而知新的机会，把之前写的笔记稍微整理了一下，在这里记录下教徒搭窝的备忘录。
|
|||
|
|
images: ['https://pan.ivanli.cc/api/v3/file/source/2238/archlinux-logo-light.png?sign=bWxqFFy3RUDT5UsWb4UD5byt-_L4h79wede3runRKFc%3D%3A0']
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 起势
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
首先，通过 SSH 以 `root` 用户连接服务器，然后修改 `root` 密码：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
passwd
|
|||
|
|
# 输入两次你的新密码
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 重装系统
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
为了避免 IDC 提供的系统镜像有加料、后门、老旧等问题，拿到服务器后第一件事是重装系统。 Arch Linux 是我的第一选择。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
借助 felixonmars 的 [vps2arch](https://github.com/felixonmars/vps2arch)，我们可以将绝大多数的 Linux 系统转换成 Arch Linux 🎉。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
wget https://felixc.at/vps2arch
|
|||
|
|
chmod +x vps2arch
|
|||
|
|
./vps2arch
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
等待几分钟就完成了。如果是中国大陆境内的机子，建议全局代理或使用自定义的系统镜像源。可以从[这个网站](https://archlinux.org/mirrorlist/?country=HK&protocol=https&use_mirror_status=on)获取镜像地址。地址上有查询参数，可以根据自己需要修改。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
如果系统装不上，可以在 IDC 面板上重装其他系统后再试，推荐使用 Debian。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
脚本执行完成后，按脚本提示执行下面的命令重启设备，密码将被保留：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
sync ; reboot -f
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
重启时，SSH 会断开连接。因为新系统的 SSH 主机指纹会变化，所以需要忘记旧指纹：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
ssh-keygen -R <remote-host>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
# example
|
|||
|
|
ssh-keygen -R '[20.20.20.20]:20000'
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
之后重新连接 SSH。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 基本配置
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
设置主机名：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname arch.example.com
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
启用 pacman 并行下载：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
- 编辑 `/etc/pacman.conf`
|
|||
|
|
- 取消 `ParallelDownloads` 前的注释，值为并行下载数
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 常用环境安装
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
我的常用环境如下：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
- 一个自己的账户
|
|||
|
|
- Git
|
|||
|
|
- Yay
|
|||
|
|
- Zsh
|
|||
|
|
- Docker
|
|||
|
|
- TailScale
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 创建账户
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
安装 `sudo`：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
pacman -Sy sudo
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
创建账户：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
useradd -m ivan
|
|||
|
|
passwd ivan
|
|||
|
|
usermod -aG wheel ivan
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
给刚刚创建的账户分配一个具有 sudo 权限的账户
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
EDITOR=vim visudo
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
找到 `%wheel ALL=(ALL: ALL) ALL` 这行，取消这行的注释。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
现在，你自己的账号具有 sudo 权限了，接下来切换到自己的账户连接终端吧。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Git
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
需要手动安装：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
sudo pacman -S git
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Zsh
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[Zsh](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/zsh) 是一个不错的终端外壳（Shell)。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
使用 `pacman` 安装：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
sudo pacman -S zsh
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
如果你想执行交互式的初始化配置，可以输入下面命令进入 zsh 并开始初始化配置，否则不要执行下面的命令：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
zsh
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
接下来安装我常用的插件：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```zsh
|
|||
|
|
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://git.io/zinit-install)"
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
echo 'zinit load zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting
|
|||
|
|
zinit load zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions
|
|||
|
|
zinit load ael-code/zsh-colored-man-pages
|
|||
|
|
zinit load agkozak/zsh-z
|
|||
|
|
zinit ice depth=1; zinit light romkatv/powerlevel10k' >> ~/.zshrc
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### zsh-z
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
一个快速跳转目录的插件。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
避免优先匹配到子目录，在 `.zshrc` 中添加如下行：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```zsh
|
|||
|
|
# zsh-z
|
|||
|
|
ZSHZ_UNCOMMON=1
|
|||
|
|
ZSHZ_TRAILING_SLASH=1
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
#### History
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
配置历史记录，在 `.zshrc` 中添加如下行：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```zsh
|
|||
|
|
HISTFILE=~/.zsh_history
|
|||
|
|
HISTSIZE=10000
|
|||
|
|
SAVEHIST=1000
|
|||
|
|
setopt INC_APPEND_HISTORY_TIME
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
详细配置参考：[Better zsh history | SoberKoder](https://www.soberkoder.com/better-zsh-history/)
|
|||
|
|
文档：[zsh: 16 Options](https://zsh.sourceforge.io/Doc/Release/Options.html)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Docker
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
安装 Docker 和 Docker Compose 也很简单：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```zsh
|
|||
|
|
sudo pacman -S docker docker-compose
|
|||
|
|
# 启动
|
|||
|
|
sudo systemctl start docker
|
|||
|
|
# 启用
|
|||
|
|
sudo systemctl enable docker
|
|||
|
|
# 添加当前用户到 docker 组
|
|||
|
|
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
|
|||
|
|
# log in to a new group
|
|||
|
|
newgrp docker
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 安全配置
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 禁用 SSH 密码登录
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
修改 `/etc/ssh/sshd_config`，找到 `PasswordAuthentication`，改为 `no`。
|
|||
|
|
然后重启：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```zsh
|
|||
|
|
sudo systemctl restart sshd
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 使用 Fail2Ban
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
安装：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```zsh
|
|||
|
|
sudo pacman -S fail2ban
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
复制配置文件：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```zsh
|
|||
|
|
sudo cp /etc/fail2ban/jail.{conf,local}
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
编辑配置文件，找到 `[sshd]` 块，并添加 `enabled=true`，(**不是解除注释**)：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```zsh
|
|||
|
|
sudo vim /etc/fail2ban/jail.local
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```text
|
|||
|
|
[sshd]
|
|||
|
|
enabled = true
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
启动 fail2ban
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```zsh
|
|||
|
|
sudo systemctl start fail2ban
|
|||
|
|
sudo systemctl enable fail2ban
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
查看状态：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```zsh
|
|||
|
|
sudo fail2ban-client status
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 写在最后
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
大功告成，现在又拥有了一个崭新的 Arch Linux 系统了。后面有机会的话，我得把这些配置脚本化，不然天天配也是有点蠢，哈哈。
|