646 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
646 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
## Form 表单
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由输入框、选择器、单选框、多选框等控件组成，用以收集、校验、提交数据
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### 典型表单
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包括各种表单项，比如输入框、选择器、开关、单选框、多选框等。
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:::demo 在 Form 组件中，每一个表单域由一个 Form-Item 组件构成，表单域中可以放置各种类型的表单控件，包括 Input、Select、Checkbox、Radio、Switch、DatePicker、TimePicker
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```html
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<el-form ref="form" :model="form" label-width="80px">
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<el-form-item label="活动名称">
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<el-input v-model="form.name"></el-input>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item label="活动区域">
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<el-select v-model="form.region" placeholder="请选择活动区域">
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<el-option label="区域一" value="shanghai"></el-option>
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<el-option label="区域二" value="beijing"></el-option>
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</el-select>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item label="活动时间">
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<el-col :span="11">
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<el-date-picker type="date" placeholder="选择日期" v-model="form.date1" style="width: 100%;"></el-date-picker>
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</el-col>
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<el-col class="line" :span="2">-</el-col>
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<el-col :span="11">
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<el-time-picker placeholder="选择时间" v-model="form.date2" style="width: 100%;"></el-time-picker>
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</el-col>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item label="即时配送">
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<el-switch v-model="form.delivery"></el-switch>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item label="活动性质">
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<el-checkbox-group v-model="form.type">
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<el-checkbox label="美食/餐厅线上活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
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<el-checkbox label="地推活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
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<el-checkbox label="线下主题活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
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<el-checkbox label="单纯品牌曝光" name="type"></el-checkbox>
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</el-checkbox-group>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item label="特殊资源">
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<el-radio-group v-model="form.resource">
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<el-radio label="线上品牌商赞助"></el-radio>
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<el-radio label="线下场地免费"></el-radio>
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</el-radio-group>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item label="活动形式">
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<el-input type="textarea" v-model="form.desc"></el-input>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item>
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<el-button type="primary" @click="onSubmit">立即创建</el-button>
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<el-button>取消</el-button>
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</el-form-item>
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</el-form>
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<script>
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export default {
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data() {
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return {
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form: {
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name: '',
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region: '',
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date1: '',
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date2: '',
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delivery: false,
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type: [],
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resource: '',
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desc: ''
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}
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}
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},
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methods: {
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onSubmit() {
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console.log('submit!');
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}
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}
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}
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</script>
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```
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:::
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:::tip
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W3C 标准中有如下[规定](https://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html-spec/html-spec_8.html#SEC8.2)：
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> <i>When there is only one single-line text input field in a form, the user agent should accept Enter in that field as a request to submit the form.</i>
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即：当一个 form 元素中只有一个输入框时，在该输入框中按下回车应提交该表单。如果希望阻止这一默认行为，可以在 `<el-form>` 标签上添加 `@submit.native.prevent`。
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:::
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### 行内表单
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当垂直方向空间受限且表单较简单时，可以在一行内放置表单。
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:::demo 设置 `inline` 属性可以让表单域变为行内的表单域
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```html
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<el-form :inline="true" :model="formInline" class="demo-form-inline">
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<el-form-item label="审批人">
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<el-input v-model="formInline.user" placeholder="审批人"></el-input>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item label="活动区域">
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<el-select v-model="formInline.region" placeholder="活动区域">
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<el-option label="区域一" value="shanghai"></el-option>
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<el-option label="区域二" value="beijing"></el-option>
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</el-select>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item>
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<el-button type="primary" @click="onSubmit">查询</el-button>
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</el-form-item>
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</el-form>
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<script>
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export default {
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data() {
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return {
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formInline: {
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user: '',
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region: ''
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}
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}
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},
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methods: {
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onSubmit() {
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console.log('submit!');
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}
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}
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}
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</script>
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```
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:::
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### 对齐方式
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根据具体目标和制约因素，选择最佳的标签对齐方式。
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:::demo 通过设置 `label-position` 属性可以改变表单域标签的位置，可选值为 `top`、`left`，当设为 `top` 时标签会置于表单域的顶部
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```html
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<el-radio-group v-model="labelPosition" size="small">
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<el-radio-button label="left">左对齐</el-radio-button>
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<el-radio-button label="right">右对齐</el-radio-button>
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<el-radio-button label="top">顶部对齐</el-radio-button>
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</el-radio-group>
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<div style="margin: 20px;"></div>
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<el-form :label-position="labelPosition" label-width="80px" :model="formLabelAlign">
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<el-form-item label="名称">
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<el-input v-model="formLabelAlign.name"></el-input>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item label="活动区域">
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<el-input v-model="formLabelAlign.region"></el-input>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item label="活动形式">
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<el-input v-model="formLabelAlign.type"></el-input>
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</el-form-item>
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</el-form>
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<script>
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export default {
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data() {
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return {
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labelPosition: 'right',
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formLabelAlign: {
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name: '',
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region: '',
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type: ''
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}
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};
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}
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}
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</script>
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```
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:::
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### 表单验证
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在防止用户犯错的前提下，尽可能让用户更早地发现并纠正错误。
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:::demo Form 组件提供了表单验证的功能，只需要通过 `rules` 属性传入约定的验证规则，并将 Form-Item 的 `prop` 属性设置为需校验的字段名即可。校验规则参见 [async-validator](https://github.com/yiminghe/async-validator)
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```html
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<el-form :model="ruleForm" :rules="rules" ref="ruleForm" label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm">
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<el-form-item label="活动名称" prop="name">
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<el-input v-model="ruleForm.name"></el-input>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item label="活动区域" prop="region">
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<el-select v-model="ruleForm.region" placeholder="请选择活动区域">
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<el-option label="区域一" value="shanghai"></el-option>
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<el-option label="区域二" value="beijing"></el-option>
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</el-select>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item label="活动时间" required>
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<el-col :span="11">
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<el-form-item prop="date1">
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<el-date-picker type="date" placeholder="选择日期" v-model="ruleForm.date1" style="width: 100%;"></el-date-picker>
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</el-form-item>
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</el-col>
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<el-col class="line" :span="2">-</el-col>
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<el-col :span="11">
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<el-form-item prop="date2">
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<el-time-picker placeholder="选择时间" v-model="ruleForm.date2" style="width: 100%;"></el-time-picker>
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</el-form-item>
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</el-col>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item label="即时配送" prop="delivery">
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<el-switch v-model="ruleForm.delivery"></el-switch>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item label="活动性质" prop="type">
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<el-checkbox-group v-model="ruleForm.type">
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<el-checkbox label="美食/餐厅线上活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
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<el-checkbox label="地推活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
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<el-checkbox label="线下主题活动" name="type"></el-checkbox>
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<el-checkbox label="单纯品牌曝光" name="type"></el-checkbox>
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</el-checkbox-group>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item label="特殊资源" prop="resource">
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<el-radio-group v-model="ruleForm.resource">
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<el-radio label="线上品牌商赞助"></el-radio>
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<el-radio label="线下场地免费"></el-radio>
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</el-radio-group>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item label="活动形式" prop="desc">
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<el-input type="textarea" v-model="ruleForm.desc"></el-input>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item>
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<el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('ruleForm')">立即创建</el-button>
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<el-button @click="resetForm('ruleForm')">重置</el-button>
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</el-form-item>
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</el-form>
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<script>
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export default {
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data() {
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return {
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ruleForm: {
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name: '',
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region: '',
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date1: '',
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date2: '',
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delivery: false,
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type: [],
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resource: '',
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desc: ''
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},
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rules: {
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name: [
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{ required: true, message: '请输入活动名称', trigger: 'blur' },
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{ min: 3, max: 5, message: '长度在 3 到 5 个字符', trigger: 'blur' }
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],
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region: [
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{ required: true, message: '请选择活动区域', trigger: 'change' }
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],
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date1: [
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{ type: 'date', required: true, message: '请选择日期', trigger: 'change' }
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],
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date2: [
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{ type: 'date', required: true, message: '请选择时间', trigger: 'change' }
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],
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type: [
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{ type: 'array', required: true, message: '请至少选择一个活动性质', trigger: 'change' }
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],
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resource: [
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{ required: true, message: '请选择活动资源', trigger: 'change' }
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],
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desc: [
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{ required: true, message: '请填写活动形式', trigger: 'blur' }
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]
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}
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};
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},
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methods: {
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submitForm(formName) {
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this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
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if (valid) {
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alert('submit!');
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} else {
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console.log('error submit!!');
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return false;
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}
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});
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},
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resetForm(formName) {
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this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
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}
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}
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}
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</script>
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```
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:::
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### 自定义校验规则
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这个例子中展示了如何使用自定义验证规则来完成密码的二次验证。
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:::demo 本例还使用`status-icon`属性为输入框添加了表示校验结果的反馈图标。
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```html
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<el-form :model="ruleForm" status-icon :rules="rules" ref="ruleForm" label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm">
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<el-form-item label="密码" prop="pass">
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<el-input type="password" v-model="ruleForm.pass" autocomplete="off"></el-input>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item label="确认密码" prop="checkPass">
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<el-input type="password" v-model="ruleForm.checkPass" autocomplete="off"></el-input>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item label="年龄" prop="age">
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<el-input v-model.number="ruleForm.age"></el-input>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item>
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<el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('ruleForm')">提交</el-button>
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<el-button @click="resetForm('ruleForm')">重置</el-button>
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</el-form-item>
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</el-form>
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<script>
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export default {
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data() {
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var checkAge = (rule, value, callback) => {
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if (!value) {
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return callback(new Error('年龄不能为空'));
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}
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setTimeout(() => {
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if (!Number.isInteger(value)) {
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callback(new Error('请输入数字值'));
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} else {
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if (value < 18) {
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callback(new Error('必须年满18岁'));
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} else {
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callback();
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}
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}
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}, 1000);
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};
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var validatePass = (rule, value, callback) => {
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if (value === '') {
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callback(new Error('请输入密码'));
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} else {
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if (this.ruleForm.checkPass !== '') {
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this.$refs.ruleForm.validateField('checkPass');
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}
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callback();
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}
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};
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var validatePass2 = (rule, value, callback) => {
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if (value === '') {
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callback(new Error('请再次输入密码'));
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} else if (value !== this.ruleForm.pass) {
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callback(new Error('两次输入密码不一致!'));
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} else {
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callback();
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}
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};
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return {
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ruleForm: {
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pass: '',
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checkPass: '',
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age: ''
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},
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rules: {
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pass: [
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{ validator: validatePass, trigger: 'blur' }
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],
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checkPass: [
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{ validator: validatePass2, trigger: 'blur' }
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],
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age: [
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{ validator: checkAge, trigger: 'blur' }
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]
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}
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};
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},
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methods: {
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submitForm(formName) {
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this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
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if (valid) {
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alert('submit!');
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} else {
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console.log('error submit!!');
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return false;
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}
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});
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},
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resetForm(formName) {
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this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
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}
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}
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}
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</script>
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```
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:::
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:::tip
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自定义校验 callback 必须被调用。 更多高级用法可参考 [async-validator](https://github.com/yiminghe/async-validator)。
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:::
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### 动态增减表单项
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:::demo 除了在 Form 组件上一次性传递所有的验证规则外还可以在单个的表单域上传递属性的验证规则
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```html
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<el-form :model="dynamicValidateForm" ref="dynamicValidateForm" label-width="100px" class="demo-dynamic">
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<el-form-item
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prop="email"
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label="邮箱"
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:rules="[
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{ required: true, message: '请输入邮箱地址', trigger: 'blur' },
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{ type: 'email', message: '请输入正确的邮箱地址', trigger: ['blur', 'change'] }
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]"
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>
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<el-input v-model="dynamicValidateForm.email"></el-input>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item
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v-for="(domain, index) in dynamicValidateForm.domains"
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:label="'域名' + index"
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:key="domain.key"
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:prop="'domains.' + index + '.value'"
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:rules="{
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required: true, message: '域名不能为空', trigger: 'blur'
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}"
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>
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<el-input v-model="domain.value"></el-input><el-button @click.prevent="removeDomain(domain)">删除</el-button>
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</el-form-item>
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<el-form-item>
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<el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('dynamicValidateForm')">提交</el-button>
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<el-button @click="addDomain">新增域名</el-button>
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<el-button @click="resetForm('dynamicValidateForm')">重置</el-button>
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</el-form-item>
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</el-form>
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<script>
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export default {
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data() {
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return {
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dynamicValidateForm: {
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domains: [{
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value: ''
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}],
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email: ''
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}
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};
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},
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methods: {
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submitForm(formName) {
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this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
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if (valid) {
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alert('submit!');
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} else {
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console.log('error submit!!');
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return false;
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}
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});
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},
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resetForm(formName) {
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this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
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},
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removeDomain(item) {
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var index = this.dynamicValidateForm.domains.indexOf(item)
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if (index !== -1) {
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this.dynamicValidateForm.domains.splice(index, 1)
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}
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},
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addDomain() {
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this.dynamicValidateForm.domains.push({
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value: '',
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key: Date.now()
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});
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}
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}
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}
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</script>
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```
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:::
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### 数字类型验证
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|
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:::demo 数字类型的验证需要在 `v-model` 处加上 `.number` 的修饰符，这是 `Vue` 自身提供的用于将绑定值转化为 `number` 类型的修饰符。
|
||
```html
|
||
<el-form :model="numberValidateForm" ref="numberValidateForm" label-width="100px" class="demo-ruleForm">
|
||
<el-form-item
|
||
label="年龄"
|
||
prop="age"
|
||
:rules="[
|
||
{ required: true, message: '年龄不能为空'},
|
||
{ type: 'number', message: '年龄必须为数字值'}
|
||
]"
|
||
>
|
||
<el-input type="age" v-model.number="numberValidateForm.age" autocomplete="off"></el-input>
|
||
</el-form-item>
|
||
<el-form-item>
|
||
<el-button type="primary" @click="submitForm('numberValidateForm')">提交</el-button>
|
||
<el-button @click="resetForm('numberValidateForm')">重置</el-button>
|
||
</el-form-item>
|
||
</el-form>
|
||
<script>
|
||
export default {
|
||
data() {
|
||
return {
|
||
numberValidateForm: {
|
||
age: ''
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
},
|
||
methods: {
|
||
submitForm(formName) {
|
||
this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
|
||
if (valid) {
|
||
alert('submit!');
|
||
} else {
|
||
console.log('error submit!!');
|
||
return false;
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
},
|
||
resetForm(formName) {
|
||
this.$refs[formName].resetFields();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</script>
|
||
```
|
||
:::
|
||
|
||
:::tip
|
||
嵌套在 `el-form-item` 中的 `el-form-item` 标签宽度默认为零，不会继承 `el-form` 的 `label-width`。如果需要可以为其单独设置 `label-width` 属性。
|
||
:::
|
||
|
||
### 表单内组件尺寸控制
|
||
|
||
通过设置 Form 上的 `size` 属性可以使该表单内所有可调节大小的组件继承该尺寸。Form-Item 也具有该属性。
|
||
|
||
:::demo 如果希望某个表单项或某个表单组件的尺寸不同于 Form 上的`size`属性，直接为这个表单项或表单组件设置自己的`size`即可。
|
||
```html
|
||
<el-form ref="form" :model="sizeForm" label-width="80px" size="mini">
|
||
<el-form-item label="活动名称">
|
||
<el-input v-model="sizeForm.name"></el-input>
|
||
</el-form-item>
|
||
<el-form-item label="活动区域">
|
||
<el-select v-model="sizeForm.region" placeholder="请选择活动区域">
|
||
<el-option label="区域一" value="shanghai"></el-option>
|
||
<el-option label="区域二" value="beijing"></el-option>
|
||
</el-select>
|
||
</el-form-item>
|
||
<el-form-item label="活动时间">
|
||
<el-col :span="11">
|
||
<el-date-picker type="date" placeholder="选择日期" v-model="sizeForm.date1" style="width: 100%;"></el-date-picker>
|
||
</el-col>
|
||
<el-col class="line" :span="2">-</el-col>
|
||
<el-col :span="11">
|
||
<el-time-picker placeholder="选择时间" v-model="sizeForm.date2" style="width: 100%;"></el-time-picker>
|
||
</el-col>
|
||
</el-form-item>
|
||
<el-form-item label="活动性质">
|
||
<el-checkbox-group v-model="sizeForm.type">
|
||
<el-checkbox-button label="美食/餐厅线上活动" name="type"></el-checkbox-button>
|
||
<el-checkbox-button label="地推活动" name="type"></el-checkbox-button>
|
||
<el-checkbox-button label="线下主题活动" name="type"></el-checkbox-button>
|
||
</el-checkbox-group>
|
||
</el-form-item>
|
||
<el-form-item label="特殊资源">
|
||
<el-radio-group v-model="sizeForm.resource" size="medium">
|
||
<el-radio border label="线上品牌商赞助"></el-radio>
|
||
<el-radio border label="线下场地免费"></el-radio>
|
||
</el-radio-group>
|
||
</el-form-item>
|
||
<el-form-item size="large">
|
||
<el-button type="primary" @click="onSubmit">立即创建</el-button>
|
||
<el-button>取消</el-button>
|
||
</el-form-item>
|
||
</el-form>
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
export default {
|
||
data() {
|
||
return {
|
||
sizeForm: {
|
||
name: '',
|
||
region: '',
|
||
date1: '',
|
||
date2: '',
|
||
delivery: false,
|
||
type: [],
|
||
resource: '',
|
||
desc: ''
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
},
|
||
methods: {
|
||
onSubmit() {
|
||
console.log('submit!');
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
</script>
|
||
```
|
||
:::
|
||
|
||
### Form Attributes
|
||
|
||
| 参数 | 说明 | 类型 | 可选值 | 默认值 |
|
||
|---------- |-------------- |---------- |-------------------------------- |-------- |
|
||
| model | 表单数据对象 | object | — | — |
|
||
| rules | 表单验证规则 | object | — | — |
|
||
| inline | 行内表单模式 | boolean | — | false |
|
||
| label-position | 表单域标签的位置，如果值为 left 或者 right 时，则需要设置 `label-width` | string | right/left/top | right |
|
||
| label-width | 表单域标签的宽度，例如 '50px'。作为 Form 直接子元素的 form-item 会继承该值。支持 `auto`。 | string | — | — |
|
||
| label-suffix | 表单域标签的后缀 | string | — | — |
|
||
| hide-required-asterisk | 是否显示必填字段的标签旁边的红色星号 | boolean | — | false |
|
||
| show-message | 是否显示校验错误信息 | boolean | — | true |
|
||
| inline-message | 是否以行内形式展示校验信息 | boolean | — | false |
|
||
| status-icon | 是否在输入框中显示校验结果反馈图标 | boolean | — | false |
|
||
| validate-on-rule-change | 是否在 `rules` 属性改变后立即触发一次验证 | boolean | — | true |
|
||
| size | 用于控制该表单内组件的尺寸 | string | medium / small / mini | — |
|
||
| disabled | 是否禁用该表单内的所有组件。若设置为 true，则表单内组件上的 disabled 属性不再生效 | boolean | — | false |
|
||
|
||
### Form Methods
|
||
|
||
| 方法名 | 说明 | 参数
|
||
|---------- |-------------- | --------------
|
||
| validate | 对整个表单进行校验的方法，参数为一个回调函数。该回调函数会在校验结束后被调用，并传入两个参数：是否校验成功和未通过校验的字段。若不传入回调函数，则会返回一个 promise | Function(callback: Function(boolean, object))
|
||
| validateField | 对部分表单字段进行校验的方法 | Function(props: array \| string, callback: Function(errorMessage: string))
|
||
| resetFields | 对整个表单进行重置，将所有字段值重置为初始值并移除校验结果 | —
|
||
| clearValidate | 移除表单项的校验结果。传入待移除的表单项的 prop 属性或者 prop 组成的数组，如不传则移除整个表单的校验结果 | Function(props: array \| string)
|
||
|
||
### Form Events
|
||
| 事件名称 | 说明 | 回调参数 |
|
||
|--------- |-------- |---------- |
|
||
| validate | 任一表单项被校验后触发 | 被校验的表单项 prop 值，校验是否通过，错误消息（如果存在） |
|
||
|
||
### Form-Item Attributes
|
||
|
||
| 参数 | 说明 | 类型 | 可选值 | 默认值 |
|
||
|---------- |-------------- |---------- |-------------------------------- |-------- |
|
||
| prop | 表单域 model 字段，在使用 validate、resetFields 方法的情况下，该属性是必填的 | string | 传入 Form 组件的 `model` 中的字段 | — |
|
||
| label | 标签文本 | string | — | — |
|
||
| label-width | 表单域标签的的宽度，例如 '50px'。支持 `auto`。 | string | — | — |
|
||
| required | 是否必填，如不设置，则会根据校验规则自动生成 | boolean | — | false |
|
||
| rules | 表单验证规则 | object | — | — |
|
||
| error | 表单域验证错误信息, 设置该值会使表单验证状态变为`error`，并显示该错误信息 | string | — | — |
|
||
| show-message | 是否显示校验错误信息 | boolean | — | true |
|
||
| inline-message | 以行内形式展示校验信息 | boolean | — | false |
|
||
| size | 用于控制该表单域下组件的尺寸 | string | medium / small / mini | - |
|
||
|
||
### Form-Item Slot
|
||
| name | 说明 |
|
||
|------|--------|
|
||
| — | Form Item 的内容 |
|
||
| label | 标签文本的内容 |
|
||
|
||
### Form-Item Scoped Slot
|
||
| name | 说明 |
|
||
|--------|--------|
|
||
| error | 自定义表单校验信息的显示方式，参数为 { error } |
|
||
|
||
### Form-Item Methods
|
||
|
||
| 方法名 | 说明 | 参数
|
||
|---------- |-------------- | --------------
|
||
| resetField | 对该表单项进行重置，将其值重置为初始值并移除校验结果 | -
|
||
| clearValidate | 移除该表单项的校验结果 | -
|