blog: 在 PVE 宿主机上使用桌面环境
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data/blog/debian-desktop-environment.md
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title: 在 PVE 宿主机上使用桌面环境
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date: '2022-10-28'
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tags: ['PVE', 'PVE', 'DE', '环境搭建', 'Debian']
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draft: false
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summary: 虽然 PVE 宿主机不应该安装乱七八糟的东西,但是我穷,为了物尽其用,为了在主力电脑翻车时有一个立即可用的备用环境,所以还是安装了基础的桌面环境。现在的 Linux 桌面环境越来越好了,我选择安装 KDE Plasma 作为桌面环境,并且默认关闭,按需启用。
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---
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## 准备
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首先应该拥有自己的账户,否则你将会发现自己无法登录桌面环境。因为桌面环境默认在登录时没有 `root` 用户选项。
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### 创建账户:
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useradd -m ivan
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passwd ivan
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usermod -aG wheel ivan
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给刚刚创建的账户分配一个具有 sudo 权限的账户
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EDITOR=vim visudo
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找到 %wheel ALL=(ALL: ALL) ALL 这行,取消这行的注释。
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现在,你自己的账号具有 sudo 权限了。
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## 启用和禁用桌面环境
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**使用 `root` 账户执行下面的命令!**
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查看当前的默认目标:
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```bash
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systemctl get-default
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```
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临时禁用图形界面:
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```bash
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init 3
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```
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临时启用图形界面:
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```bash
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init 5
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```
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永久禁用图形界面:重启生效:
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```bash
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systemctl set-default multi-user.target
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```
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永久启用图形界面,重启生效:
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```bash
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systemctl set-default graphical.target
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```
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## 中文输入法
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我使用小鹤音形,所以执行以下命令:
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```bash
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sudo apt install ibus ibus-rime
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```
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访问[小鹤的网盘](http://flypy.ysepan.com/)下载小鹤音形的挂接文件,小狼毫、鼠须管的都可以。
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下载完成后解压出来,把压缩文件里的 `rime` 目录复制到 `/home/ivan/.config/ibus/rime`:
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```bash
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# 如果你没有 unzip,通过下面命令安装:
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# sudo apt install unzip
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cd ~/Downloads
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unzip '小鹤音形“鼠须管”for macOS.zip'
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cd '小鹤音形Rime平台鼠须管for macOS'
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cp -r ./rime ~/.config/ibus/rime
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```
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配置环境变量:
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```bash
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cat >> ~/.zshrc <<EOF
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# ibus
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export GTK_IM_MODULE=ibus
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export XMODIFIERS=@im=ibus
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export QT_IM_MODULE=ibus
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EOF
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```
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启动 ibus
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```bash
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ibus-setup
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```
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在打开的 GUI 中添加中文输入法,找到 Rime 并添加输入法:
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![rime](https://pan.ivanli.cc/api/v3/file/source/2241/Screen%20Capture_select-area_20221028225457.png?sign=XVrl7rPk4Gd7QRFBCCDGruB2L7V1bvxDpK9-v9pC0Nc%3D%3A0)
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现在,新打开的软件应该能使用输入法了。像 Chrome 这类,关闭后还需要手动杀死进程后再打开才能使用。最简单的方法就是重启电脑啦~
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